Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma, Hening Pratiwi, Afriza Umami, Khamdiyah Indah Kurniasih, Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka, Suherman Suherman, Marcell Juhász
Introduction: The pandemic increased pressure on healthcare services and forced limited care in all health facilities to ensure the care of all patients. Telepharmacy appears as an alternative to the remote pharmacy practice approach through information and communication technologies, but there are no comprehensive tools to measure pharmacists’ knowledge, perception, and readiness to implement telepharmacy. This study developed and validated a questionnaire version of the Knowledge, Perceptions, and Readiness of Telepharmacy (KPR-TP) for pharmacists. Methods: The KPR-TP assessed three domains: knowledge, perception, and readiness. Its factor structure, reliability, and validity were assessed using 7730 pharmacists from 34 Indonesian provinces. The validity of the model's three-factor structure was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to validate the consistency of our factors, whereas convergent and discriminant validity established significant relationships between them. Results: The goodness-of-fit index indicated that the model was economical and reasonable. Furthermore, the correlation between the three domains revealed a significant positive relationship. KRP-TP is a viable instrument for assessing pharmacists’ perceptions of telepharmacy in Indonesia. Conclusion: Overall, we discovered that our questionnaire contains critical constructs for assessing a pharmacist's knowledge, perception, and level of readiness to implement telepharmacy. This study will help pharmacists identify appropriate strategies for skill improvement. © The Author(s) 2023.
Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia; Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Stikes Muhammadiyah Bojonegoro, Bojonegoro, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; Doctoral School of Educational Sciences, Faculty Humanities and Social Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher and Training Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia
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